Understanding Security Guard Laws: Use of Force and Citizen's Arrest

Security guards are private citizens with no police powers unless given special deputation. Use of force is limited to reasonable and proportional response: presence, verbal commands, empty-hand control, less-lethal (OC spray), and only then hands-on restraint. Citizen's arrest is allowed only for felonies witnessed directly – never for misdemeanors like shoplifting unless a state law permits it. Guards can detain someone for a "reasonable time" until police arrive (typically 10-30 minutes). Violating these laws can lead to criminal charges against the guard. Always get annual legal training.